Yunnan Minorities' Residential Architecture Tour

No. 12, The Bund, is also known as No. 12 Zhongshan East Road. It was once the location of the famous Hui Feng Bank. Built in 1923, this square-shaped building has five vaults and features a distinctive circular roof in the style of ancient Greece, with a half-spherical dome on top. The building is made of steel and is elaborately decorated, including a specially designed reception hall. The British builders of the structure were immensely proud of this creation, with some even calling it “the most exquisite building from the Suez Canal in the east to the Persian Gulf in the west.”

Walking along Zhongshan East Road, you can feel the grandeur and solemnity of the area, as if the Bund is a showcase of architectural excellence. Some say that the Bund is, in fact, "an architectural exhibition." If the architectural district of the Bund were a gallery, the rest of the area would be a showroom. In the early mornings, the Bund becomes a place for locals to exercise and enjoy the fresh air. By day, the historic buildings stand in harmony with the scenic beauty of the Huangpu River and the futuristic skyline of Pudong, making it a favorite spot for tourists. At night, the city lights bathe the Bund in a vibrant glow, enhancing its beauty. The old buildings along the riverbank stand in contrast to the modern skyline, which includes iconic structures such as the Oriental Pearl Tower and the Jin Mao Tower, creating a stunning view that never fails to leave visitors in awe.

On the eastern side, the Bund borders the Huangpu River, while on the west, 52 buildings line the street, each with its own architectural style—Gothic, Baroque, Romanesque, Renaissance, Classical, and a fusion of Eastern and Western elements. Although these buildings were constructed at different times and in varying styles, their overall design is remarkably harmonious, with each structure complementing the others.

The Bund, named after the desolate beach that once lay outside the old city of Shanghai, has become one of the city's most iconic landmarks. If you haven’t visited the Bund, then you haven’t truly seen Shanghai. The Bund symbolizes the city itself; it is a microcosm of Shanghai's history and growth.

The Huangpu River is a landmark waterway in Shanghai, stretching approximately 113 kilometers (about 70 miles) in length with a width ranging from 300 to 770 meters (about 984 to 2526 feet). Its drainage basin covers an area of 24,000 square kilometers (approx. 5,930,530 acres).

The river originates from Dianshan Lake in Zhujiajiao Town, Qingpu District, which receives water from the upper reaches of the Taihu Lake basin. From there, the river flows downstream to Wusongkou, where it meets the Yangtze River before flowing into the East China Sea. Over the course of thousands of years, the river has carved its path, with the upper reaches running east to west, and the middle and lower reaches turning north to south, effectively dividing the city of Shanghai into Puxi (West of the Huangpu River) and Pudong (East of the Huangpu River). On either side of the river, Shanghai’s most iconic landmarks have risen: the historic Bund on the west bank and the modern financial district of Lujiazui on the east.

During a visit to the river, tourists can admire the Yangpu Bridge, the Nanpu Bridge, and the Oriental Pearl Tower, which stands in the heart of the city. The two bridges, resembling two giant dragons stretching across the Huangpu River, frame the Oriental Pearl Tower in the center, creating a stunning visual metaphor of "two dragons playing with a pearl."

On the west bank of the Huangpu River, visitors are greeted by a collection of grand, foreign-style buildings, known for their diverse architectural influences from around the world. On the east bank, in stark contrast, towering modern skyscrapers rise into the sky, symbolizing Shanghai’s rapid development into a global financial hub.

Wusongkou, located at the mouth of the river, marks the point where the Huangpu River converges with the Yangtze River and the East China Sea. During high tide, one can witness the famous "Three-Water Convergence" phenomenon, where the Huangpu River’s bluish-gray waters, the muddy yellow waters of the Yangtze, and the green waters of the East China Sea mix together, creating a striking display of yellow, green, and blue hues.

The Huangpu River serves multiple functions: it is vital for shipping, water supply, drainage, irrigation, and tourism. As one of the world’s most renowned rivers, it is both a product of nature’s transformative power and a testament to humanity’s successful practice of harnessing the river’s natural flow to serve the needs of a growing city.

Known for its vibrant spiritual atmosphere, the Jade Buddha Temple is one of the most visited and beloved temples in Shanghai. While Longhua Temple is known for fulfilling wishes related to career success, and Jing'an Temple is sought for blessings of peace, the Jade Buddha Temple is famous for helping people with wishes for wealth and love. A visit to the Jade Buddha Temple wouldn’t be complete without experiencing its treasures—the Jade Buddha and the Sitting Buddha, which have been prized by visitors since their arrival from Southeast Asia over a century ago.

At the heart of the temple is the magnificent Jade Buddha, a serene and life-sized statue carved from a single block of jade. Alongside it, visitors can find five other Buddha statues, each radiating peace and grace. The Jade Buddha Temple has undergone multiple restorations and expansions over the years, including the relocation of the Grand Buddha Hall and the construction of the Bell and Drum Towers. These additions have enriched the temple’s cultural and artistic legacy.
Occupying an area of approximately 11.6 acres, the Jade Buddha Temple features a layout based on traditional Chinese temple architecture. The temple’s main axis is home to three grand halls, with additional structures on both the east and west sides. The temple not only holds a special place in the hearts of Shanghai’s Buddhist community but is also a popular destination for tourists and pilgrims alike. It is recognized as one of the top ten tourist attractions in Shanghai and is listed as a key Buddhist site and a protected city monument.

In 1918, the temple was rebuilt on its present site under the guidance of Master Kecheng from the Linji school. The new structure, designed to emulate the architectural style of Song Dynasty temples, was completed after ten years of dedicated work. The complex includes a Buddha hall, pagodas, kitchens, and other traditional temple buildings, with over 200 rooms in total.

The original Jade Buddha Temple was established in 1900, near the Wusong River Bay Railway Station, under the leadership of Master Ben Zhao, a disciple of Huigen. However, the temple was destroyed during the upheaval of the 1911 Revolution, leaving only the precious Jade Buddha untouched. For a time, the statue was housed in a villa on Shendan Road (now Weian Road), before the decision was made to rebuild the temple at its current location.
Founded in 1882 by Master Huigen, the temple originally housed five jade Buddhas brought from Myanmar by the master himself. Of these, two were enshrined in Shanghai, and it is these statues that have made the temple famous.

Nestled at 170 Anyuan Road in the Putuo District of Shanghai, the Jade Buddha Temple is one of the city’s most revered spiritual landmarks. As its name suggests, the temple is home to the sacred Jade Buddha, a symbol of serenity and wisdom. Belonging to the Linji school of Chan Buddhism, the temple is not only a place of worship but also a center for meditation and spiritual practice.

The Shanghai Museum is a preeminent institution in China, celebrated for its vast collection of over 120,000 invaluable cultural artifacts. Its extensive and exceptional assortment, particularly in the areas of bronze ware, ceramics, calligraphy, and painting has garnered international recognition.

Founded in 1952, the museum initially operated at 325 Nanjing West Road. In 1959, it relocated to a more spacious venue at 16 Henan South Road, where it continued its progressive growth and development. In 1992, the Shanghai government made the strategic decision to construct a new museum in the heart of the city, situated in the prime location of People's Square. The groundbreaking ceremony for the new museum building took place in 1993 and it was officially inaugurated on October 12, 1996.

The new building of the Shanghai Museum spans a total area of 39,200 square meters and stands at a height of 29.5 meters. The distinctive combination of a round dome and square base, symbolizing the concept of "Heaven is round and Earth is square," creates an aesthetically captivating effect. The design seamlessly integrates traditional cultural elements with modern architecture, establishing it as a truly unique and iconic structure among global museums.

The museum accommodates 11 permanent galleries and three exhibition halls. The architectural layout encompasses six functional areas, including exhibition spaces, storage facilities, academic and research zones, management offices, and supporting amenities. Within the premises are 12 thematic exhibition rooms showcasing a wide array of treasures such as bronze artifacts, ceramics, calligraphy masterpieces, and paintings. Additionally, the exhibits encompass coins, jade pieces, sculptures, seals as well as crafts from various ethnic minorities.

The museum's　total exhibition space is 12,000 square meters, distributed across four floors. The first floor features the Ancient Chinese Bronze Gallery, Ancient Chinese Sculpture Gallery, and Exhibition Hall. The second floor showcases the Ancient Chinese Ceramics Gallery and the temporary Ceramics Gallery. The third floor is dedicated to the Calligraphy Gallery, Painting Gallery, and Seals Gallery. The fourth floor exhibits the Ancient Chinese Jade Gallery, Coin Gallery, Ming and Qing Furniture Gallery, and the Ethnic Minority Craft Gallery.

Standing proudly at 88 Century Avenue in the heart of Shanghai’s Lujiazui Financial District, the Shanghai Jin Mao Tower is a true marvel of modern engineering and design. Located in the bustling center of the city, the tower offers breathtaking views to the east over the Pudong New Area, to the west over downtown Shanghai and the Huangpu River, and to the south toward the vibrant commercial hub of Zhang Yang Road. To the north, it overlooks the expansive 100,000-square-meter central green space.

The Jin Mao Tower occupies 24,000 square meters of land, with a total building area of 290,000 square meters. The towering 88-story main structure rises to a height of 420.5 meters, with approximately 200,000 square meters of space. Its sleek, modern design features a stunning tapering shape, symbolizing both architectural elegance and strength. The tower’s six-story podium covers 32,000 square meters, while the three underground levels span 57,000 square meters. The building’s striking exterior is enveloped in an aluminum alloy lattice, giving it a contemporary yet timeless appeal.

Inside, the Jin Mao Tower is as spectacular as its exterior. The first two floors house the grand lobby, while floors 3 to 50 feature expansive, column-free office spaces with a ceiling height of 4 meters and a net height of 2.7 meters. The upper floors—51 to 52—house essential mechanical and electrical systems, while the 53rd to 87th floors are home to a luxurious hotel. The 88th floor boasts an observation deck, offering panoramic views of the city and beyond.

Designed by the renowned Chicago-based architectural firm SOM, with Adrian Smith as the lead designer, the Jin Mao Tower combines cutting-edge global architectural trends with traditional Chinese design elements. The building is an engineering masterpiece, with a vertical deviation of only 2 centimeters and the ability to withstand winds of up to level 12 and earthquakes of magnitude 7.

The tower’s exterior is characterized by large glass panels that reflect ever-changing hues—shifting from silver to shades of blue and green. Between the two layers of glass, a low-temperature conductor ensures the interior remains insulated from the outdoor elements.

Inside, the grand lobby features a striking archway design and walls clad in Mediterranean-style perforated marble for both aesthetic and soundproofing purposes. The polished marble floors gleam without being overly shiny, while the main hallway leading to the banquet hall is an artistic corridor showcasing Chinese calligraphy and copper reliefs that depict the evolution of Chinese script, from ancient oracle bone inscriptions to modern-day characters.

At the top of the Jin Mao Tower, the 88th floor offers the “Cloud Walk”—a 60-meter-long, 1.2-meter-wide transparent skywalk, the highest of its kind in the world. This glass walkway allows visitors to experience Shanghai from a breathtaking 340.1 meters above ground level, walking in the clouds and enjoying an unparalleled view of the city below.

Since its completion, the Jin Mao Tower has garnered numerous accolades, including the Illinois World Architecture Award in 1998 and the Shanghai Classic Architecture Gold Award in 1999. It also achieved LEED-EB certification in 2013 and was named one of the "Top Ten New Landmarks in Shanghai" in 2020.

A true symbol of Shanghai's dynamic growth, the Jin Mao Tower remains a must-see destination for those who wish to experience the cutting-edge of modern architecture while soaking in the rich cultural and historical essence of one of the world’s most exciting cities.

Standing at a towering height of 468 meters (1,536 feet), the Oriental Pearl TV Tower is not only the tallest TV tower in Asia but also the third tallest in the world. It ranks behind the 553.3-meter-high CN Tower in Toronto, Canada, and the 540-meter-high Ostankino Tower in Moscow, Russia. Located in the heart of Pudong’s Lujiazui district, the tower has become a symbol of Shanghai, drawing both locals and tourists alike. Its unique design, featuring 15 spheres of varying sizes at different heights, creates a striking and futuristic appearance.

The tower's design is said to be inspired by a famous Chinese poetic line, "large and small pearls dropping onto a jade plate," evoking an image of pearls scattered across a jade surface. From its observation deck, visitors are treated to panoramic views of the bustling city, the Huangpu River, and beyond. The revolving restaurant and the expansive sightseeing platform can accommodate up to 1,600 people, offering an unparalleled experience in the sky.

Construction of the Oriental Pearl TV Tower began in 1992, with an initial investment of 50 million Yuan from the government. An additional 150 million Yuan and 10 million US Dollars were raised through bank loans from 44 banks. The tower was completed and opened to the public in 1994. It is affectionately known in China as "Two Dragons Playing with a Pearl," a reference to its striking design, with two massive spheres at the base and a large pearl-like structure at the top.

In 1995, the tower began broadcasting, hosting nine television channels and 10 FM radio stations. Over the years, it has become a major hub for media and telecommunications, in addition to being a top tourist destination.

The Oriental Pearl TV Tower offers a wide range of amenities for visitors. At a height of 263 meters, the observation deck provides breathtaking views of Shanghai’s skyline. You can also visit the futuristic "Space City" exhibition hall and the Shanghai Municipal History Museum, located in the tower's base. This museum showcases the history of the city, including its transformation from a small fishing village to one of the world’s leading metropolises.

The large lower sphere of the tower features various attractions, including the "Science Fantasy City" and the "Recreational Palace." On a clear day, visitors can enjoy a view stretching all the way to the Yangtze River from the sightseeing hall. In addition to the observation areas, the tower houses a hotel with 25 elegant rooms in the smaller spheres, offering a relaxing place for visitors to stay.

At the very top of the tower is a large pearl-shaped structure, home to a rotating restaurant, shops, and additional viewing platforms. This iconic structure provides guests with a unique dining experience while enjoying Shanghai’s spectacular skyline.

Over the past decade, the Oriental Pearl TV Tower has welcomed more than 25 million visitors, including 295 overseas heads of state and dignitaries. This immense popularity has made it one of the most profitable TV towers globally. In fact, its annual revenue has exceeded that of the Eiffel Tower in Paris.

According to the World Brand Lab, the Oriental Pearl TV Tower ranked 96th among the 500 most valuable Chinese brands, with a brand value of 5.148 billion Yuan (approximately 6.2 billion USD). It has consistently been one of the top 20 most influential Chinese brands on the global stage in recent years.

The tower’s combination of cutting-edge technology, breathtaking views, and cultural significance has made it a must-visit attraction in Shanghai and a proud symbol of China's modern achievements.

The Oriental Pearl TV Tower stands as a monumental achievement in both architecture and engineering, symbolizing Shanghai's vibrant future while honoring its rich history. Whether you’re marveling at the panoramic views, exploring the interactive exhibits, or dining in the sky, the tower promises an unforgettable experience for all who visit.